Guide to Map Reading for Beginners

Guide to Map Reading for Beginners In an age when mapping apps are commonplace, you may think that learning how to read a paper map is an obsolete skill. But if you enjoy hiking, camping, exploring the wilderness, or other outdoor activities, a good road or  topographic map is your still best friend. Unlike cell phones and GPS devices, there are no signals to lose or batteries to change with a paper map, making them far more reliable. This guide will introduce you to the basic elements of a map. Legend Cartographers, who design maps, use symbols to represent the different elements used. The legend, sometimes called a key, tells you how to interpret a maps symbols.  For instance, a square with a flag on top usually represents a school, and a dashed line represents a border. Note, however, that map symbols used in the United States are often used for different things in other countries. The symbol for a secondary highway used on a United States Geological Survey topographic map represents a railroad on Swiss maps. Title A maps title will tell you at a glance what the map is depicting. If youre looking at a road map of Utah, for example, you would expect to see interstate and state highways, plus major local roadways across the state. A USGS geological map, on the other hand, will depict specific scientific data for a region, such as groundwater supplies for a city. Regardless of the type of map youre using, it will have a title. Orientation A map isnt very useful if you dont know where you are relative to your position on it. Most cartographers align their maps so that the top of the page represents north and use a small arrow-shaped icon with an N beneath it to point you in the right direction. Some maps, such as topographic maps, will point to true north (the North Pole) and to magnetic north (where your compass points, to northern Canada). More elaborate maps may include a compass rose, depicting all four cardinal directions (north, south, east, west). Scale A life-sized map would be impossibly large. Instead, cartographers use ratios to reduce a mapped region to a manageable size. The maps scale will tell you what ratio is being used or, more commonly, depict a given distance as the equivalent of a measurement, such as 1 inch representing 100 miles.  Ã‚   Other Elements Just as there are many types of color maps, there are also many different color schemes used by cartographers. The map user should look to the legend for an explanation of colors on a map.   Elevation, for example, is often represented as a sequence of dark greens (low elevation or even below sea level) to browns (hills) to white or gray (highest elevation). A neatline is the border of a map. It helps to define the edge of the map area and obviously keeps things looking organized. Cartographers may also use neatlines to define offsets, which are mini-maps of an expanded area of the map. Many road maps, for instance, contain offsets of major cities that show additional cartographic  detail like local roads and landmarks. If youre using a topographic map, which depicts changes of elevation in addition to roads and other landmarks, youll see wavy brown lines that meander around. These are called contour lines and represent a given elevation as it falls upon the contour of the landscape.

Polar Molecule Definition and Examples

Polar Molecule Definition and Examples Polar Molecule  Definition A polar molecule is a molecule containing polar bonds where the sum of all the bonds dipole moments is not zero. Polar bonds form when there is a difference between the electronegativity values of the atoms participating in a bond. Polar molecules also form when the spatial arrangement of chemical bonds leads to more positive charge on one side of the molecule than the other.​ Examples of Polar Molecules Water (H2O) is a polar molecule. The bonds between hydrogen and oxygen are distributed so that the hydrogen atoms are both on one side of the oxygen atom, rather than evenly spaced. The oxygen side of the molecule has a slight negative charge, while the side with the hydrogen atoms has a slight positive charge.Ethanol is polar because the oxygen atoms attract electrons because of their higher electronegativity than other atoms in the molecule. Thus the -OH group in ethanol has a slight negative charge.Ammonia (NH3) is polar.Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is polar.Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is polar. Carbon dioxide is made up of polar bonds, but the dipole moments cancel each other out and therefore is not a polar molecule. Predicting Polarity and Nonpolarity Whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar is a matter of its geometry. If one end of the molecule has a positive charge, while the other end has a negative charge, the molecule is polar. If a charge is evenly distributed around a central atom, the molecule is nonpolar.

Effects of abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Effects of abortion - Essay Example (Allied Action Inc. 1996, 1). Other major effect of abortion is rather a physical one- miscarriage as a result of previous abortion(s). Based on recent studies, there has been a discovery of real danger to the future reproductive systems of women. The "West Jerusalem Study" presented careful research studying 11057 women, 752 of which had previously had an abortion. The findings of that report reveal serious repercussions on the mother, and any future children. There is relatively a 3 to 4 fold increase in the chance on miscarriage among women who have had an abortion, as those who have not had an abortion. Also, there was reported a disturbing amount of malformations in the births that followed induced abortions. On the other hand, many women who try to get pregnant after having an abortion face with infertility. It has been discovered that terminating a pregnancy stimulates developing breast cancer later in life. When cutting short a pregnancy, women's breast tissue is left in a da ngerously stimulated but undifferentiated state, increasing the risk of later cancerous development. According to studies done by Dr. Janet Daling there is reported fifty percent increase of breast cancer among women under forty five who had induced abortions. These results were published in the august Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

Leadership in project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership in project management - Essay Example A view holds that leaders are people oriented and their main task is to inspire people. Their primary functional output is a change(Veal,2004) and their capabilities are assessed in terms of controlling the process of this change. That is to mould and control change to suit project's objectives. Whereas managers are task and process oriented and their main task is to organize such tasks and processes. Management's main output is task done in target time at target cost. In plain language Management is assigned the task of producing and maintaining a degree of predictability & order(Veal,2004). Leadership on the other hand assumes the function of producing change under a constantly updated schemata of direction and vision. Leadership is the process of motivating others to work to meet specific goals and objectives. Leadership is deliberately causing people-driven actions in a planned fashion for the purpose of accomplishing the leader's agenda. Subsequent to identification of role of leadership in project management it is clear that leadership physically comprises of an individual or set of individuals acting on common concert and vision. A set of qualities are generally stated in support of good leadership. Such qualities helps in execution of the agenda of leadership as defined above. These qualities are stated below corresponding to their importance in an information system project: (a) A project leader must have the capability to nurture and develop a vision and a concrete sense of direction in which to lead the team on. He must make the entire team convinced of his stance of an inspired shared vision. At least he should be able to convey his vision to critical members of the project team. "Visionary leaders enable people to feel they have a real stake in the project. They empower people to experience the vision on their own(Barry,Top). Bennis explains about the leaders that "They offer people opportunities to create their own vision, to explore what the vision will mean to their jobs and lives, and to envision their future as part of the vision for the organization," (Bennis, 1997). (b) A project leader is expected to have high level of problem solving skills(Barry,Top). He may share problem-solving responsibilities with the team .As Kouzes says that a leader must have a "fresh, creative response to here-and-now opportunities," and not much concern with how others have performed them. (Kouzes,1987).Thus he would be capable of giving new solutions to complicated problems and lead in dead ends. (c) A project leader must exercise a lot of empathy. There is vast amount of difference between empathy and sympathy(Barry,Top). Although the words rhyme, they, in fact have widely different meanings. According to Norman Paul, in sympathy the subject is principally absorbed in his or her own feelings as they are projected into the object and has little concern for the reality

Key Factors of Consumer Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Key Factors of Consumer Behaviour Essay 1. Discuss and explain the key factors influencing consumer behaviour. Why must organisations understand consumer behaviour in order to optimise sales? Marketing is the activity, set of institutions and processes for creating communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large (AMA, 2007). Consumer behaviour is the judgment of final consumers individuals and households who buy goods and services for personal consumption (Kotler et al., 1999) There are four key factors influencing consumer behaviour. They are social, cultural, personal and psychological factors. Consumer may tends to change their buying behaviour according to these factors. Cultural factors are described as people who react particular way regard to religion reason. Different culture response differently, how people behave with their buying decision. for instance in Myanmar, majority of people do not have a habit of doing sport or using supplement for diet purposes. In United Kingdom, on the other hand, groups of men and women tend to emphasis on sport and taking supplement. As a supplement business prospective, they should not supply their product or sell in Myanmar. Social factors are mainly influenced by family, close friend and personal attitude. They are also known as reference group. Reference group are important as the product are satisfied for their needs, the message with forward to another person which is also known as word of mouth. The communication is powerful because we trust our friends and colleagues opinions. For example, majority of wealthy people do not buy a Primark product, simple because of their status, they should be buying much more expensive product such as Gucci and Chanel. If they do consumer Primark product their friend may talk behind their back which affect the status. After taking cultural and social factors into consideration, the next things people naturally put things into account is personal factors. personal factors can be defined as a belief in which a person think the particular brand is valued to them. Personal factors consists of buyers age, occupation, economic situation and lifestyle. Depending on human life cycle, buyers decision making is changing in different stages. Therefore, marketer often segment the market and target the consumer life stages. As an example, it is an inappropriate for the marketer to sell Samsung latest smart phone to senior citizen, they may only want to use simple keypad phone. In term of occupation, people are concerning about their status and image in their society. The products that they consume are crucial to his or her status. Psychological factors include belief, interest and motivation. Everyone has their own belief in different way. Often majority of people are bias when buying a particular brand. There is no right or wrong answer, in fact, people learnt from past experience whether the brand had met their needs or how they perceived the brand . For example, Iphone 5, more and more people are getting the new Iphone 5, not because it is very special. In fact Samsung s3, has better functionality than Iphone but still people buys it. This shows people value the brand of Apple and how they perceived the brand. Motivation factors are another factor that consumer think before they buy. According to Maslow theory, different people has different needs. So, marketer should know how to segment the market and target the right person to maximise sales. In summary, organisation should consider how consumer behave for certain product by looking at these four factors. furthermore, communicating with consumer are crucial to the market as they sent the message the consumer about the products feature. Therefore, marketer has to be segment the market and target the right consumer to deliver the message across.

All Quiet On The Western Front themes :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All Quiet on the Western Front   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the main themes in All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque is Futility of War. The novel takes place during the Great War and takes place in France. Paul Baumer is the main character in the book along with many of his friends. In the book the theme of futility of war appears in the beginning, middle and end of the novel and Baumer slowly becomes more aware of what war is really like.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the beginning Baumer enters the war as a recruit and begins to see the reality of war. During training he has to remake the officer’s bed 14 times. The entire training course was marching, which does not help them at all fighting in the trenches. â€Å"I have remade his bed fourteen times in one morning. Each time he had some fault to find and pulled it to pieces† (26). Here Baumer describes how his commanding officer makes him do over a simple task over and over for absolutely no reason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the middle of the book Baumer saw many actions that were pointless acts of war. His company was ordered to guard an abandoned village, which happened to have a few supplies but still a large waste of manpower. When Baumer was at the front the officers had the troops charge the enemies trenches, only to have the soldiers mowed down by machine gun fire. Baumer makes a trip home, but while he is there he feels lost and also feels like he doesn’t belong there   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Towards the end of the book after more of his comrades were killed Baumer saw more of the futility of war. Even though it was clear to all the soldiers and Baumer that they were losing the war, they were still required to fight. More recruits were dumped into battles only to die due to their inexperience. â€Å"A single flyer routed two companies of them for a joke, just as they got off the train- before they ever heard of such a thing as cover†(237). This quote shows how all the new recruits were sent to their deaths, its describes how two companies of recruits were killed right when they got off the train to the front. They didn’t even get to learn how to survive because it was not taught in the training. Even though Baumer had learned to survive the war and had lasted longer than anyone else, he was still killed right before the war ended.

How the Illuminati Effects the Music Industry Essay

In this assignment I will be talking about how music technology has been used in various performances, I will be covering the Experimentalists all the way back in the 60s and I will talk about how it has become more apparent, frequent and mainstream. I will investigate back when Theremin was invented in the 20’s up until Analogue Synths and the implementation of MIDI today, I will also talk a little bit about software synthesis. Advance’s in music tech has had a massive impact on the way music sounds today and with this essay I will investigate the way that music tech manipulated, created and used today and I will also study the historical development. So let’s get to it†¦ How music tech is used in performance†¦ Music tech is a very prominent part of musical performance, whether it be at a club, concert or festival, music tech has always been very important. Core equipment like DJ Decks, electronic instruments and even mixing desks (if used creatively) are very important when it comes to live performance, but there are artists out there that can get by with just a mic and a PA system†¦ but I will not be talking about those artists, today I shall be talking about artists who exclusively use music technology to perform and create music. History of the MPC The Akai MPC (First known as MIDI Production Centre now called Music Production Centre) is a very popular electronic musical instrument created in the late 80s. It was initially created to serve as a super powerful drum machine but the ability to loud your own sounds (samples) made it very unique and some people say that the MPC was a key part in the creation of Hip-Hop. In the early years of the MPC it was very basic and it was very limited as there was not much memory at all (Specs listed below) so with these limitations there was a demand for more memory, MPC60II was born with more sample memory and a headphone jack, which might sound basic now but back then this was revolutionary. This particular model was launched in 2008 and has a price tag of $3,500, the main innovations of this model was that it included an â€Å"8-track hard disk recorder a 20-voice, 3-oscillator virtual analog synthesizer with arpeggiator, a new sequencing engine with 960 PPG resolution, pad and track muting and mixing, 64 continuous sample tracks. It also has a new FX engine with 4 FX buses and 2FX per bus†, and is considered by Akai to be the MPC of all MPC’s. This compared to the first MPC is night and day, with this MPC you have 50x the amount of memory that the first MPC had and the ability to edit the frequency add effects and the ability to record gives you allot more creative range, so of course the MPC 5000 is a far more superior product to the MPC60, but when the MPC 5000 is compared to the 4000 it is very debatable because the 4000 has more features but the 5000 is newer and much more refined. Both the 4000 and 5000 has a USB port, two inputs for footswitches, and audio, headphone and microphone jacks. Also included are two MIDI inputs to connect a MIDI controller such as a keyboard to one input, with the other input used to receive MIDI Sync from another unit, such as a  digital recorder Each also has four MIDI outputs to control 64 external MIDI channels in conjunction with the machine’s 128 internal programs. How it is used in performance†¦ Arab Muzik is a Hip-Hop producer, but he just isn’t any old producer who sits behind the scenes, he will perform live, how does he do that? He uses his MPC sampler and arranger. His setup consists of an MPC machine connected to a PA system via audio cables L+R, prior to the performance he would have loaded samples on the MPC ready for him to trigger using the velocity sensitive drum pads. Things like drums, bass, brass and any audio sample can be loaded onto the MPC. He would have to take into consideration health and safety risks such as overloading the MPC with too much equipment for example connecting multiple laptops (more than 3) to the same MPC through dual USB adapters, this can spell disaster for the machine as the RAM cannot keep up with the processor and it could cause the MPC to explode. When performing Arab Muzik will create complex rhythms with the Drum pad and he will creatively mold different samples and create his own drum beat over the samples to create a unique sounding piece of music. Another way he could do this is to get a Laptop and use music programming software like Logic or Cubase to manually load samples onto a MIDI keyboard and trigger samples from the keys on the keyboard, I think the MPC is much better than loading samples onto keyboards as it is much more convenient to use the MPC to chop and choose your samples, it’s kind of like music programming software already built in to your keyboard, and I think the interface is a lot more simple than a MIDI keyboard.

American who art thou?

â€Å"I have lived to see the last warrior of the wise race of the Mohicans† laments Tamenund (Cooper 382) in the book Last of the Mohicans. The death of Uncas and Cora marks the end of the Mohican people. Chingachgook indeed outlived Uncas his son but he is now childless and his people will now pass into legend and song. Ironically, the people described by Cooper in his book are Mohicans (Britanica). But their names rightly belong to another tribe known as the Mohegan (Britanica). The adventures of Uncas shed light on the true meaning of American. An American is a truly difficult to define creature. The US constitution defines as; All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. (Section 1) US citizenship, for those who are not born with it, is surprisingly hard to acquire. Yet thousands of people from the third-world will try every year to gain entry. America is believed to be the land of milk and honey. Millions more would attempt to enter if they only had the means. All seek the freedom and liberty promised by the Statute of Liberty to the Huddled masses. Those who are not Natural Born American Citizens can aspire to receive visa to work in the States. If fortune smiles upon them they can be granted citizenship after proving themselves to be good law abiding people. This also in tales absorbing American Values and ethics although compared to other nations America has a high tolerance for those who thing out of the box and the non-conformists. Media can often be used to reinforce or even create a new identity for a people. For example, Nazi propaganda transformed the innocent Jews into the demons who were behind all the ills of the world. The book last of the Mohicans and the movie last of the Dogmen are examples, of how media can be used to form a country’s sense of identity. In the movie Last of the Dogmen, Lewis Gates pursues escaped convicts into the Montana countryside. All he recovers are a few scraps of cloth, some blood and an old fashioned Indian arrow. Despite the doubts of scientist, Gates believed that the there is a lost Indian tribe somewhere out there. Working on a hunch the Indian arrow leads him down a trail of pursuit of a lost tribe of Dog Soldiers. He eventually encounters the Dog soldiers and they believe him to be their foe. Upon his escape he essays to protect them from being discovered and polluted by civilization. In the movie the American was defined as a Native American, one of the Dog Soldiers whose ancestors once roamed the plains of America free and untamed by today’s mores. The noble savage is worthy of protection from the corrupting influence of mainstream society. By comparison the Last of the Mohicans is about a Mohican caught in the French-English war in Canada. The French are trying to overwhelm Fort William Henry with the aid of the Hurons and the Iroquis. Hawkeye is given the task of escorting the commanders two daughters to safety past the Indians. On the road they encounter Chingachgook and Uncas the last of the Mohicans in the region. The plot of Hawkeye’s guide is soon exposed the guide betrays the company and the two Mohicans agree to be their guides. In the forest, Hawkeye, the Mohicans and their charges face many perils including many Indians who are haunting the woods in search of them. One of the members of the group is wounded by a sniper and they are soon immobilized. The group hides in a cave but a flushed out by a much larger party of Hurons. Now prisoners of the Hurons they are granted a chance at freedom if Cora would but consider to marry Magua. Haughty Cora refuses and soon the enraged Magua decides that the entire party should just die. At that very moment, the Mohicans and Hawkeye attack rescuing the captives and slaughtering the Hurons. Magua escapes but the captives are now safe. Eventually they stop at an old building where a lot of Mohicans died and where Chingachgook and Hawkeye fought together. Soon they are finally within the fort’s walls and are safe. In the fort, Duncan wonders how the fort can hold off so many attackers. Their only hope is for Webb to arrive with reinforcements. Duncan is sent as an emissary to the French commander Montcalm. All this succeeds in doing is letting Duncan know that the Frech are aware of the dire plight of the English Fort. The commanders, Montcalm and Munro eventually meet and Montcalm hands Munro a letter detailing how Webb is unable to send reinforcement. He asks the English to surrender. Munro naturally abhors surrender, but upon hearing the generous terms offered by the Frenchman agrees to sign a treaty. Peace it seems is achieved. But not all are pleased with the accord. Magua is indignant in claiming that his warriors will have no scalps while the white men become friends. While the English are fleeing from Fort William Henry the Hurons attack killing many innocent people. Cora is found by Magua and again he asks for her to be his wife but again she refused. So Magua captures Alice instead. A rescue effort goes horribly wrong when Duncan, Uncas and Hawkeye go to the Huron Village. Uncas is caught and is at the mercy of the Huron. This time the rescue goes well as Duncan is able to rescue Uncas. After a side-trip among the Delaware who are overjoyed at seeing Uncas, a Mohican. Uncas prepares his forces to attack the Hurons. In the battle that follows Magua is killed, Cora is also killed but ere the battle is ended Uncas too dies. Oddly, enough Cooper’s view of Mohican Indian is wildly at variance with the movie version. Cooper’s Mohicans are musket carrying warrior who could fight equally well as the Europeans they traveled with. By comparison   Wyeth portrays Uncas with a dagger, a tomahawk, and a bow and arrow-weapons of precolonial warfare and the customary attributes of an Indian brave. Cooper’s Uncas suggests the complexity of the character's position as a conventionally educated, English-speaking American Indian, Wyeth generalizes and romanticizes the Indian hero's appearance. Wyeth’s version simply conforms to his understanding of American Indians, which was tightly bound to the ideal of an untamed wilderness. Hawkeye is the book’s consummate American, he is the friend of Chingchagook. In chapter three of the Indian’s struggle for identity is first given shape. He was of unmixed blood and his tribe is the grandfather of nations. In the past his people fought the Iroquis, who were now mercenaries at the employ of the French, However, now the tribe is depleted and only Uncas his son remains of the Mohicans. Uncas and Chingchagook are firmly with the English as they are prepared to die fighting the Iroquis. Also in this chapter is the interplay of ideas and beliefs between Chingchagook and Hawkeye. This would later be an important ideal of Americans. The free exchange of ideas and belief or the so called Marketplace of ideas. Another example of the struggle was the discrimination Cora Munro suffered as opposed to the respect that Alice Munro received. Both were the daughters of a prominent military commander but because of Cora’s skin color and heritage she is looked down upon. Although later in the story she would fall in love with Uncas. An American is one who can identify with the values and morals of the American people in General. It is the question of what those values are that is problematic. One of the first defining events of being an American was Declaration of independence. As written by Thomas Jefferson the American people believed that â€Å"All men are created free and equal under God†. Previous to the declaration, Americans were still very much under the heel of the primitive feudal system they inherited from the British. The King, three thousand miles away ruled their lives by fiat. His lords and nobles ran roughshod over his subjects. This same struggle for equality is seen when Chingchagook and Hawkeye are discussing the differences between the English and the Mohicans. Another related event was the Civil war. The ideal of free and equal was put to the test. Till then it was a hypocrisy, the US claimed that its people lived in equality. Yet in the Southern States nearly 1/3 of all people were slaves who had no civil and political rights. The black man was a slave unfitting even of the title man, he toiled in the cotton plantations endlessly providing wealth for the arrogant white masters. Tens of Thousands would die before the African-American could take part and received citizenship in the country. An example, of this discrimination is when Cora rejects Magua’s offer to be his wife. In exchange for the freedom of the thralls. Still Cora refuses because even if she was a Quadroon she still held herself better than the filthy Indian Magua. However, even with the Emancipation declaration, the â€Å"black man† was still relegated to a second class citizen. It was not until Martin Luther King Jr. came forth daring violence and persecution in order end the discrimination and bigotry that plagued African Americans in the south. The struggle for equality can also been seen in the desire of Magua to be wed to Cora where Cora constantly refuses him because of his inferior stock. In the past, there were laws in place, particularly in the south, which prevented a black person from marrying a white person. Manifest Destiny, that doctrine that said that America should expand to the Pacific and beyond was another important even that helped change the American Identity. The Expansion to the west would come at the expense of Mexicans and Indians who would lose their lands. In that point of history a great influx of Irish, Germans and other European immigrants came to America to seek the freedom promised by the Statute of liberty. They were soon welded into the American people and brought their work ethic and industry to the increase the vigor of the rising Hercules that was the Union. The World Wars are another defining event in American History because the US having gained prominence among nations was now ready to take its place among the stars. America sent legions of its finest youths to go forth and fight in Europe and Asia for the defense of the weak and innocent against those who would oppress them. The same way Uncas was willing to endanger himself for the sake of foreigners he barely knew. The American identity remains vague and hard to define. Literature and other media can help express and expound it. But ultimately it must shine forth from the heart of every American Citizen. Simply, put an American is one who lives and breathes the American ideals. In a sense Hawkeye was an American because he respected the views of those who were not in concurrence with his. He also fought hard for the protection of the weak and innocent. Finally, he was a true friend to his allies. Works Cited Cooper, James The Last of the Mohicans. Edwards Brothers Inc 2006 Ed â€Å":Mohican† (history), Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 2007, webpage: EB-Mohicans. (Last accessed 11 Dec 2007) â€Å"Mohegan † (history), Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 2007, webpage: EB-Mahican. (Last accessed 11 Dec 2007) U.S. Constitution. Micheals, Joel B â€Å"The Last of the Dogmen† 8 Sept 1995 WYETH'S NOBLE SAVAGE Sep/Oct 2007. Vol. 28, Iss. 5; pg. 23, 1 pgs

Science Fair Project Ideas for Environmental Problems

Science Fair Project Ideas for Environmental Problems Are you interested in doing a science fair project that involves the environment, ecology, pollution, or other environmental issues? Here are some science fair project ideas that involve environmental science problems. Environmental Processes Does the pH of rain or other precipitation (snow) vary according to ​the  season?Is the pH of rain the same as the pH of soil?Can you use a plant to gauge the level of air pollution?Can you use plants to remove air pollutants?Can you use algae to remove water pollutants?How does soil composition change with depth?What organisms can you use as indicator organisms to alert you to a dangerous environmental condition in the environment?How can you simulate acid rain? Studying Environmental Damage What effect does the presence of phosphates have, if any, on the oxygen level of water in a pond?How does an oil spill affect marine life?How much lead is in your soil? How much mercury is in your soil?How much electronic pollution is there in your home? Can you find a way to measure it?How much copper can plants tolerate?How does the presence of soap or detergent in water affect plant growth? What about seed germination or propagation?How far away from an animal pen do you need to be for there to be no fecal bacteria contamination of the soil or water? Researching Solutions Can you use gray water (water that has been used for bathing or washing) to water your plants? Does it matter what type of soap you used for your cleaning? Are some plants more tolerant of gray water than others?Are carbon filters as effective with chlorinated or fluoridated water as they are with water that does not contain chlorine or fluoride?How can you minimize the volume taken up by trash?How much trash can be recycled or composted?How can you prevent soil erosion?What type of car antifreeze is most friendly to the environment?What type of de-icer is most friendly to the environment?Are there non-toxic methods that can be used to control mosquito populations?

Opciones cuando visa americana es rechaza por fraude

Opciones cuando visa americana es rechaza por fraude El fraude es una de las causas por las que el oficial consular puede denegar la solicitud de la visa americana o un inspector migratorio puede prohibir el ingreso a Estados Unidos. La ley americana es muy clara. Los extranjeros que pretenden obtener una visa utilizando fraude son inelegibles para un visado hasta que cumplan los 90 aà ±os. Pero es posible pedir un perdà ³n, tambià ©n conocido como waiver o permiso. Y es que es posible cambiar. Y una persona que cometià ³ un error en el pasado puede llevar actualmente una vida honorable que, en otras circunstancias, le permitirà ­a obtener el ansiado visado. En estos casos es posible solicitar un perdà ³n o waiver de la causa de hace que todas las peticiones de visa sean denegadas. En este artà ­culo se informa cundo se da una circunstancia de fraude, que da lugar a que se niegue la visa por causa de inegibilidad 212 (a)(6)(c)(i) y cà ³mo pedir el perdà ³n para estos casos.  ¿Quà © es fraude para denegar una visa por causa 212 (a)(6)(c)(i)? Se comete fraude cuando se dice una mentira o se presenta un documento que no es verdad cuando sin esa informacià ³n no se hubiera aprobado la visa. Es lo que se conoce en inglà ©s como misrepresentation of a material fact o fraud. Si el oficial consular es el que detecta el fraude, no da la visa. Por el contrario, si es el inspector del puesto migratorio el que la descubre, anular la visa y no permitir el ingreso en Estados Unidos.  ¿Cundo se puede solicitar el perdà ³n? No todos los fraudes son iguales ni tampoco las circunstancias de cada persona. Es por ello que el oficial consular ser el que diga al solicitante de la visa americana si considera que podrà ­a solicitarse un perdà ³n o waiver. Esta sugerencia tiene lugar en el momento de la entrevista en la que se deniega la visa solicitada por primera vez o su renovacià ³n o una aplicacià ³n despuà ©s de una cancelacià ³n. Ante quià ©n se presenta peticià ³n de perdà ³n para obtener visa rechazada por fraude Hay que probar ante un organismo llamado ARO y que est ubicado en Washington DC que el solicitante: No es un peligro para la seguridad nacional.Vendrà ­a a Estados Unidos con carcter temporal y respetarà ­a los tà ©rminos de la visa, incluyendo el hecho de que saldrà ­a a tiempo del paà ­s.Que tiene lazos fuertes tanto econà ³micos como familiares en su paà ­s. El ARO, a la hora de decidir, tambià ©n tendr en cuenta la gravedad de la falta cometida. Cà ³mo se solicita la waiver para levantar la inegibilidad de visa por fraude No se requiere ninguna planilla en particular. Basta con un escrito en inglà ©s en el que se cuente quà © sucedià ³, para quà © se quiere ingresar a Estados Unidos con carcter temporal y por quà © el solicitante amerita una waiver. Adems, hay que presentar documentacià ³n adjunta sobre sus lazos en el paà ­s (bancos, propiedades, trabajo, familia, etc). Es muy similar a la documentacià ³n para la visa americana que se presenta ante una oficina consular cuando se solicita un visado. Los documentos hay que traducirlos al inglà ©s. No es necesario que la traduccià ³n la realice un traductor jurado o que està ©n notarizados. Basta que la realice una persona con conocimientos buenos de espaà ±ol e inglà ©s y que certifique en su traduccià ³n tal circunstancia. Envà ­o de la solicitud para la concesià ³n de este tipo de waiver Una vez que se tiene todo el paquete preparado hay que entregarlo en el consulado que le corresponda segà ºn el lugar de residencia de la persona que solicita el perdà ³n. Por lo que se recomienda consular antes quà © oficina consular es la que tiene jurisdiccià ³n. Unos consulados piden que la documentacià ³n se entregue en persona mientras que otros piden que se envà ­e por correo. Asà ­ que lo mejor es preguntar para evitar cometer errores. Una vez que la documentacià ³n est en la oficina consular, à ©sta la remite al ARO. La respuesta suele llegar entre 4-5 meses, aunque en muchos casos se demora ms, cuando otra agencia federal necesita hacer un examen de posibles antecedentes del solicitante. Si el ARO deniega la peticià ³n, es posible recurrir en el plazo de 15 dà ­as. Aprobacià ³n de la peticià ³n de waiver Si el ARO concede la solicitud, el perdà ³n puede tener una validez de hasta por cinco aà ±os. Aunque lo normal es que la primera vez se conceda por sà ³lo medio aà ±o o incluso un aà ±o. El perdà ³n no es suficiente para viajar. Hay que tener una visa vigente en vigor por lo que debe solicitarse. A tener en cuenta: otras causas de negacià ³n de visa En este artà ­culo se ha explicado el trmite bsico para solicitar una waiver por haber intentado obtener mediante fraude una visa americana. Pero hay muchas otras causas de inegibilidad. Y el proceso puede variar de una a otra. Por ejemplo, si su problema es que no le dan la visa por estancia ilegal previa, el procedimiento es totalmente distinto. Por lo tanto, si no se sabe si se puede pedir una waiver o cà ³mo es conveniente informarse detalladamente antes de iniciar cualquier trmite ante una oficina consular americana. E incluso mucho mejor es, sin duda, consultar con un abogado o un representante acreditado. Finalmente, se recomienda tomar este quiz, trivial o test sobre visas porque despeja muchas dudas sobre el proceso de obtencià ³n de la visa americana y cà ³mo mantenerla, evitando que se cancele o revoque. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Decision Making using Critical Thinking Techniques Part 2 Essay

Decision Making using Critical Thinking Techniques Part 2 - Essay Example Department of Energy, 2001). The decision-making technique that will be used in this proposal will be the plus, minus and interesting technique (PMI). In using the PMI technique, it would be useful to make a three column table with the headings plus, minus and interesting (Mind Tools Ltd., n.d.). Under the plus column, one has to write all the positive aspects of the alternative. On the minus column, all the negative effects will be listed down. In the interesting column, the implications and possible outcomes, areas of uncertainty and areas which one thinks as either good or bad will be included. There are several alternatives that one can choose from with regards to increasing the presence of the company. To address the expectation of government on the company with regards to giving support to the social needs of the people of Kava, one alternative is to design a health program for the coffee farmers and their families. To illustrate the PMI technique, a PMI Table is presented below. Another alternative that one would like to propose and which will be evaluated using the PMI technique is to put up a store where there are plenty of foreigners residing or working because they are known to be coffee drinkers, such as the French and Americans. The PMI Table for this alternative is shown below. After using the PMI technique and applying it in all the alternatives open to the company, one can decide on the best decision to be made, which will result in the achievement of their goal of increasing their presence in Kava. In this case, one does not have to choose only one alternative; it could be a combination of alternatives whose benefits more than outweigh the negative effects of the options available. One can see that the steps utilized in making the PMI tables are very useful indeed in coming up with the strategies that the company can implement to increase their presence in Kava. Identifying the pros,